This forum doesn't have synchronization. It also doesn't have anything called speed dial or extensions.

Everything what? And where?

If you have changed your Opera password or your OS one, Sync may be asking for the old password.

There are no other ways to retrieve your synced passwords, at least as far as I know.

And to even try to do it, I need to be able to access the site.

The only way would be to install and use a very old version of Opera, what is something that I don't recommend.

The correct thing to do would be updating the site/page, even because Java plugin is being deprecated by Oracle.

https://blogs.oracle.com/java-platform-group/moving-to-a-plugin-free-web

I'm not being able to connect to that site at the moment.

As far as I know, yes.

There is no such option, you can only choose a region

Examples?

According to the text that appears in the resetting page, your extensions should only be disabled. Maybe wasn't it the case? They weren't in the extensions page?