It's crashing and trying to restart after a crash. Then, it gives up after a few times.
First, make a test standalone installation of Opera GX to a folder named "Opera GX Test" on your desktop.
Does that Opera GX do it too?
If so, right-click launcher.exe in the "Opera GX Test" folder and choose "Create shortcut". Then, right-click on that shortcut, goto "properties" and switch to the Shortcut tab. Then, in the target field, at the end of the command, add a space and then -disable-gpu.
As in:
"C:\Users\yourusername\Desktop\Opera GX Test\launcher.exe" --disable-gpu
Then, double-click that shortcut to launch Opera GX to test if there's any difference.
Also see https://www.reddit.com/r/operabrowser/wiki/opera/known_issues/#wiki_opera_closes_right_away for some other reasons why Opera GX might close right away.