Please post a screenshot.
It could be that your Speed Dials are there but you're not seeing them because of a rendering error. You could try disabling the hardware acceleration in the advanced settings and restarting Opera.
If that doesn't work, try to search for different favorites.db at %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Opera ****, you can backup all of them then try to copy to your profile or a new test profile to check it. Or use a tool like SqliteBrowser to open the thumbnails.db (figure out how to do it here: https://forums.opera.com/post/41282) and check its contents.