The same issue just started to appear with Chrome's dark mode (for some strange reason) and this was the only thread that I could find on the issue. The Tampermonkey script works but its intermittent and sometimes it doesn't remove the white filter.
Here's an improved script for Tampermoney:
// ==UserScript==
// @name Chrome Force Dark Mode Fix/White Overlay Fix
// @namespace namespace
// @include *://www.youtube*
// @description Fixes Chrome Force Dark Mode on YouTube
// @grant GM_addStyle
// @require http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.0/jquery.min.js
// @require https://gist.github.com/raw/2625891/waitForKeyElements.js
// ==/UserScript==
waitForKeyElements (".ytp-gradient-bottom", removeDSclass);
function removeDSclass (jNode) {
jNode.removeClass ("ytp-gradient-bottom");
}